Types of Weaving Defects
Categorization of Defects
Critical Defects
Major Defects
Minor Defects
Critical Defects
A critical defect is one that results in hazardous or unsafe conditions for individuals using, maintaining, or depending on the product or prevents performance of a tactical function of a major end use item.
Major defect
Major defects are those that adversely affect either the appearance of the product or its function and performance and, if prominently visible on the finished product, would cause the item to be a “second”.
Minor Defect
A defect that would not cause the product to be
termed a second either because of severity or
location.
Defects Due to Yarn
Coloured Flecks :
Presence of coloured foreign matter in the yarn.
Knots :
It occurs when broken threads are pieced
together by improper knotting.
Slub :
A slub is a bunch of fibres having less twist
or no twist and has a wider diameter compared to normal spun yarn.
Defects due to Weaving
Double end When two or more ends unintentionally get woven as one. This defect is characterized by a thick bar running parallel to the warp.
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Missing ends :
This fabric is characterized by a gap parallel to the warp. The number of ends missing may be one or more. It can not be mended.
Reed marks
A pronounced warp way crack caused by a
damaged or defective reed.
Warp streak: Streak
running in warp direction. Group of yarns having different dye shades may result in
warp streak
Weft bar
An unwanted bar, running across the full
width of a piece which differs in appearance
from the adjacent normal fabric.
Missing Pick-
A narrow streak running parallel with weft threads caused due to absence of weft.
Broken Picks – This results due to breakage
of weft yarns during weaving.
Lashing-in
An extra piece of yarn woven into the
fabric near the selvedge. It can be
mended.
Gout
It results due to an accumulation of short
fibres in the yarn and gives a lumpy
appearance on the fabric.
Stains
These are defects of oil, rust, grease or other stains found in the fabric. Stains can be
removed with stain remover.
Oily Warp: These are oily or soiled warp
Oily Weft : Streaks of dirty and oily weft
appearing across the width of the cloth, can be full or partial.
Smash – It refers to the ruptured cloth structure created as a result of many broken warp ends and floating picks
Slough Off – Bunch of weft yarns is woven into the fabric together due to yarn
slippage.
Tails Out – These are untrimmed loose threads on the selvedge due to improper cutting
Float – Float is the improper interlacement
of warp and weft yarns in the fabric over a
certain area.
Snarls
A short length of yarn, mainly the weft, which has spontaneously doubled back on itself
results in snarls. If low in number it can be
mended.
Pilling
The entangling of fibres during washing, drycleaning or while being worn which form balls or pills and stand on the surface of the
fabric.
